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Of note, we find sexual dimorphisms in the decline in bone health, and associated dysregulation of haematopoiesis and consequent peripheral immune responses, during obesity-accelerated ageing, highlighting the importance of developing sex-specific anti-ageing strategies. We therefore explored whether ES-62 affects the osteoimmunology axis that integrates environmental signals, such as diet and the gut microbiome to homeostatically regulate haematopoiesis and training of immune responses, which become dysregulated during (obesity-accelerated) ageing. Indeed, ES-62, an anti-inflammatory secreted product of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, improves the healthspan of both male and female C57BL/6J mice undergoing obesity-accelerated ageing and also extends median lifespan in male animals, by positively impacting on inflammatory, adipose metabolic and gut microbiome parameters of ageing. Reflecting that such conditions are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, evidence is emerging that infection with parasitic helminths might protect against obesity-accelerated ageing, by virtue of their evolution of survival-promoting anti-inflammatory molecules.

5Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdomĭespite significant increases in human lifespan over the last century, adoption of high calorie diets (HCD) has driven global increases in type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, disorders precluding corresponding improvements in healthspan.

4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

3Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

2Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.1Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.Suckling 4 Colin Selman 5 William Harnett 2* Lumb 2 Jenny Crowe 1 Roel Olde Damink 2 Geraldine Buitrago 2 Josephine Duncombe-Moore 1 Debbie I.